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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Contents

What ADHD is
Main signs and symptoms
Types of ADHD
Causes and contributing factors
Getting assessed and diagnosed
Support in education
Treatments and management
Related guidance

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What ADHD is

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, impulse control and activity levels.

It is not caused by poor parenting or laziness. ADHD can impact learning, relationships and daily routines but can be managed effectively with the right support.

Related guidance

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
  • Anxiety Disorders 
  • Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
  • Education 
  • SEN Wellbeing
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    Main signs and symptoms

    Common signs include:

    • difficulty concentrating or staying on task

    • impulsive actions or speaking without thinking

    • restlessness or constant movement

    • forgetfulness and disorganisation

    • emotional ups and downs

    Symptoms can vary depending on the individual, environment and age.

    Check common signs of ADHD
    Learn how to recognise attention and behaviour patterns linked to ADHD.

    Types of ADHD

    Predominantly Inattentive

    Mainly affects focus, attention and organisation (sometimes called ADD).

    Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive

    Involves high energy, fidgeting and acting before thinking.

    Combined Type

    Includes symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity.

    Explore ADHD subtypes
    Understand how different presentations affect learning and daily life.

    Causes and contributing factors

    ADHD is linked to brain development and genetics. It is not caused by diet, parenting, or screen time alone.
     Contributing factors can include:

    • family history of ADHD or related conditions

    • differences in brain structure or neurotransmitters

    • premature birth or low birth weight

    • environmental factors such as early stress or trauma

    Getting assessed and diagnosed

    Diagnosis can be made by:

    • a GP referral to a specialist

    • a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist

    • a paediatrician for children

    Assessment includes:

    • detailed history from parents and teachers

    • behaviour questionnaires

    review of educational progress

    A diagnosis helps access school support and treatment options.

    Find out how ADHD is assessed and diagnosed in children and adults

    Support in education

    Children with ADHD may need:

    • clear structure and predictable routines

    • short, varied learning tasks

    • movement or sensory breaks

    • one-to-one support or mentoring

    • help with organisation and planning

    Schools can provide SEN support or an EHCP for significant needs.

    Related content

    Read about SEN and ADHD support in schools

    Treatments and management

    Support often includes:

    • Behavioural strategies to improve focus and organisation
    • Medication such as stimulants or non-stimulants, prescribed by a specialist
    • Therapeutic support such as coaching or CBT
    • Lifestyle adjustments like exercise, sleep and diet improvements

    Search for professionals who understand focus, behaviour and attention needs.

    Find SEN tutors and ADHD specialists near you