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Down’s Syndrome

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Down’s Syndrome

Contents

What Down’s syndrome is
Common characteristics
Health and developmental considerations
Getting assessed and diagnosed
Support in education
Therapies and interventions
Related guidance

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What Down’s syndrome is

Down’s syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
 It affects learning, development and physical health to varying degrees.

People with Down’s syndrome can lead fulfilling lives with the right support in health, education and community settings.

Related guidance

  • Global Developmental Delay (GDD)
  • Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD)
  • Speech and Language
  • Hearing Impairment (HI)
  • SEN Wellbeing
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    Common characteristics

    Children and adults with Down’s syndrome may:

    • have mild to moderate learning difficulties

    • experience delayed speech and motor development

    • have distinct facial features such as almond-shaped eyes and a flat nasal bridge

    • show strong social and visual learning skills

    • benefit from repetition and clear routines

    Each person’s abilities and needs are unique.

    Check early signs of Down’s syndrome
    Learn about developmental differences and how early support can help.

    Health and developmental considerations

    People with Down’s syndrome may be more likely to experience:

    • heart conditions

    • hearing or vision problems

    • thyroid issues

    • low muscle tone (hypotonia)

    • sleep or breathing difficulties

    Regular health checks and therapies can help manage these effectively.

    Learn about health checks for children with Down’s syndrome
    Find guidance on common medical needs and early monitoring.

    Getting assessed and diagnosed

    Down’s syndrome can be identified:

    • during pregnancy through screening and diagnostic tests

    • after birth through a blood test confirming the extra chromosome

    Support begins with early intervention teams and developmental assessments to monitor learning, communication and physical milestones.

    Find out how Down’s syndrome is diagnosed and what support follows

    Support in education

    Children with Down’s syndrome benefit from:

    • speech and language therapy

    • physiotherapy and occupational therapy

    • teaching that uses visual supports and repetition

    • consistent structure and gentle transitions

    • positive social opportunities with peers

    Schools can provide targeted SEN support or an EHCP to meet individual needs.

    Read about SEN and EHCP support for Down’s syndrome

    Therapies and interventions

    Interventions that can help include:

    • Speech and language therapy for communication skills

       

    • Physiotherapy to improve movement and balance

       

    • Occupational therapy to build independence

       

    • Learning support to focus on strengths and interests

    External resources:

    Down’s syndrome overview
    Down’s Syndrome Association (DSA)
    Contact: Support for families with disabled children

    Get support for Down’s syndrome

    Search for tutors, therapists and support workers experienced in helping children and young people with Down’s syndrome.

    Find SEN and therapy providers near you