Epilepsy
Local Providers for Epilepsy
What epilepsy is
Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes recurrent seizures due to sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain.
It can affect people of any age and may range from mild, brief episodes to more severe seizures.
With proper treatment and planning, most people with epilepsy can lead active and independent lives.
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Signs and symptoms
Seizures vary depending on the part of the brain affected. Common signs include:
- loss of awareness or staring spells
- muscle jerks, stiffness or twitching
- unusual sensations, smells or tastes before a seizure (aura)
- confusion or tiredness after an episode
- sudden collapse or convulsions
Check signs of epilepsy
Learn how to recognise seizure symptoms and when to seek medical help.
Types of seizures
Focal (Partial) Seizures
Affect one area of the brain; awareness may be retained or lost.
Generalised Seizures
Affect both sides of the brain and may cause loss of consciousness or convulsions.
Absence Seizures
Brief lapses in awareness, more common in children..
Explore types of seizures
Understand how different seizure types affect the body and behaviour.
Causes and risk factors
Epilepsy may develop from:
- genetic factors
- brain injury or infection
- complications at birth
- developmental conditions such as autism
- unknown causes (idiopathic epilepsy)
Triggers can include stress, sleep deprivation, illness, or flashing lights (in photosensitive epilepsy).
Learn what can cause epilepsy
Find information about neurological and environmental factors.
Getting assessed and diagnosed
Diagnosis involves:
- medical history and witness reports
- EEG (electroencephalogram) to record brain activity
- MRI or CT scans
- blood tests to rule out other conditions
A neurologist confirms the diagnosis and discusses treatment options.
Support in education
Schools can support pupils with epilepsy by:
- creating a clear Individual Healthcare Plan (IHP)
- training staff in seizure first aid
- allowing rest or recovery time after a seizure
- ensuring access to medication and emergency plans
- avoiding unnecessary exclusion from trips or PE
If seizures impact attendance or learning, SEN support or an EHCP may be appropriate.
Treatment and safety
Epilepsy is usually managed with:
- Anti-seizure medication (ASMs)
- Lifestyle management such as adequate sleep and stress reduction
- Surgery or neurostimulation in specific cases
- Emergency medication for prolonged seizures
Most people achieve good seizure control with the right treatment.