Severe Learning Difficulties (SLD)

Local Providers for Severe Learning Difficulties

What SLD is

Severe Learning Difficulties (SLD) describe children and young people who have significant intellectual and developmental delay.
They learn at a much slower rate than their peers and require ongoing, specialist support in most areas of learning, communication and daily life.

Pupils with SLD benefit most from structured routines, repetition and multi-sensory teaching.

Related guidance

  • Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties (PMLD)
  • Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD)
  • Speech and Language
  • SEN Wellbeing
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

    Signs and characteristics

    Children with SLD may:

    • have limited language or communication skills

    • find it hard to generalise learning to new situations

    • require one-to-one or small group teaching

    • show strong reliance on visual cues or physical prompts

    • need help with self-care and independence skills

    • experience sensory, physical or medical needs alongside learning difficulties
    Check signs of SLD
    Learn how to identify when learning needs are more complex than expected for age.

    Causes and related conditions

    SLD may be linked to:

    • genetic or chromosomal conditions (e.g. Down’s syndrome)

    • brain injury or infection

    • premature birth or developmental delays

    • neurological conditions or sensory impairments

    Many pupils with SLD also have associated speech, physical or health needs requiring coordinated care.

    Learn what causes severe learning difficulties
    Understand developmental and medical factors that affect learning.

    Getting assessed and supported

    Assessment is usually carried out by:

    • educational psychologists

    • speech and language, occupational or physiotherapists

    • medical professionals where relevant

    Every pupil with SLD requires an EHCP outlining their long-term education, health and therapy provision.

    Progress is measured through personalised learning goals rather than age-based expectations.

    Support in education

    Education for children with SLD focuses on:

    • communication and social interaction

    • functional literacy and numeracy

    • personal care and independence skills

    • emotional regulation and wellbeing

    • physical and sensory development

    Specialist settings may use approaches such as TEACCH, Intensive Interaction, or multi-sensory learning.

    Teaching and learning approaches

    Effective teaching includes:

    • breaking tasks into very small, achievable steps

    • using visual schedules and repetition

    • embedding learning through play and sensory experiences

    • celebrating progress and participation

    • working closely with families and therapists

    Get support for SLD

    Search for teachers, therapists and education professionals experienced in supporting children with severe learning difficulties.